High-density culture of Vero cells in novel perfusion bioreactor system

Viruses are the obligatory intracellular parasites infecting microbes, plants, animals, and humans. They aredead outside host cell but can take-over the host’s cell machinery as soon as they are into it. Several studies oninhibitor compounds have been done for animal viruses including those that are affecting humans, but thereis inadequacy in terms of research and literature for plant viruses that are responsible for losses in crop yieldand quality loss all across the globe. This could be focal point to study plant viruses, their transmission andpathogenicity, and to establish widely used, effective, and advanced approaches for their control. The purposeof this review is to discuss various approaches to control plant viruses that have been developed and applied tocombat plant viral infections. We have divided these approaches into two categories conventional (meristemtip culture, cryotherapy, thermotherapy, and chemotherapy) and advanced (nucleic acid-based approacheslike RNA Silencing, cross-protection, transgenic plants, gene pyramiding, and protein-protein interaction).Moreover, we have discussed and compared the principles, methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages ofeach technique. The approaches have been explored to promote their application in best suited way on variousplants to control viral diseases and to improve food crops quality with increase in production.

Simultaneous Occurrence of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and Embolic Stroke.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) due to spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is rare. Further, concurrent ACS with a cerebrovascular accident is improbable, but possible. We report a case of a young man, with a history of Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy ten years ago, presented with acute coronary syndrome caused by an extensive dissection of the right coronary artery, together with acute ischemic stroke. Survivors of Hodgkin’s lymphoma are at increased risk for cardiovascular complications due to radiation, which can expedite atherosclerosis and can, eventually, give rise to dissection and cerebrovascular disease, as exemplified in our case. This case report and review outlines the incidence, epidemiology, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Our case report is a remainder to clinicians to be mindful of concomitant occurrence of these two conditions and highlights the significant impact the treatment of each has on the other, especially when the literature does not have clear recommendations about simultaneous management. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection with concomitant ischemic cerebrovascular stroke poses a therapeutic dilemma and requires a multi-disciplinary team to appropriately manage the patient.